Romans Six Through Eight

Literal and Annotated Translation

by David K. Spurbeck

Valley Baptist Church

Dispensational Theological Seminary

ROMANS SIX

Vs. 1 Therefore what will we say [fut. act. ind.]? May we possibly be continually abiding [pres. act. subj.] (or continue = lit. abide upon) in the sphere of the sin nature [articular sing.][1] in order that grace may possibly super abound [1^st aor. act. subj.]? Vs. 2 May it not even once be [2^nd aor. act. ind.] so![2] How will we yet live [fut. act. ind.] in it [the sin nature] who died [2^nd aor. act. ind.] to the sin nature? Vs. 3 Or are you not experientially knowing [pres. act. ind.] that as many of us as have been immersed [or baptized = Spirit baptism-- 1^st aor. pass. ind.][3] into Christ Jesus, were we immersed [or baptized -- 1^st aor. pass. ind.] into His death? Vs. 4 Therefore we were buried together with [in an identifiable togetherness -- 2^nd aor. pass ind] Him through the agency of the previously mentioned immersion [or baptism] into the previously mentioned death, in order that like as[4] Christ was raised [1^st aor. pass. ind.] out from among dead ones through the agency of the glory of the Father, likewise also we might walk [order the details of one's life -- 1^st aor. act. subj.] in the sphere of a quality of newness of life. Vs. 5 For since we are in a state of having become [perf. act. ind.] grown together ones[5] in the likeness[6] of His death, but also we will be [fut. mid. ind.] in the likeness of His resurrection; Vs. 6 While experientially knowing [pres. act. part.][7] this, that our old man[8] was crucified together with him [1^st aor. pass. ind.], in order that the body belonging to the sin nature might be destroyed [1^st aor. pass. subj.],[9] with the purpose of our no longer serving as slaves [pres. act. ind.] the sin nature[10]; Vs. 7 For the one having died [2^nd aor. act. part.] is in a state of having been declared righteous [justified -- perf. pass. ind.] from the sin nature. Vs. 8 But since we died [2^nd aor. act. ind.] together with Christ, we are continually believing [pres. act. ind.] that we will also live together [fut. act. ind.] with Him, Vs. 9 While being in the state of intuitively knowing [perf. act. part.][11] that Christ the one having been raised [1^st aor. pass. part] out from among dead ones is no more dying [pres. act. ind.], a quality of death is no more lording it over [pres. act. ind.] Him. Vs. 10 For in that He died [2^nd aor. act. ind.], He died [2^nd aor. act. ind.] to the sin nature once; but in that He is living [pres. act. ind.], He is living [pres. act. ind.] to God [the Father]. Vs. 11 And in this way also be reckoning for yourselves [pres. mid. imper.][12], you [emphatic use of the pronoun], yourselves[13] to be [pres. act. inf.] dead ones indeed to the sin nature, but continually living [pres. act. part.] with reference to God [the Father] in Christ Jesus. Vs. 12 Therefore do not be letting the sin nature reign [pres. act. imper.] in your body that is subject to death [or mortal] with the purpose of obeying [pres. act. inf.] its strong desires [or lusts]. Vs. 13 Neither be presenting [pres. act. imper.][14] your members weapons of unrighteousness to the sin nature, but present [pres. act. imper.] yourselves to God,[15] as ones who are living [pres. act. part.] out from among dead ones and your members weapons of righteousness to God.[16] Vs. 14 For a quality of the sin nature will not lord it over [or have mastery -- fut. act. ind.] you; for you are continually not [pres. act. ind.] under law, but under grace. Vs. 15 What therefore? Will we possibly sin [1^st aor. act. subj.] because we are [pres. act. ind.] not under law but under grace? May it never once occur [2^nd aor. mid. opt.]! Vs. 16 Don't you intuitively know [perf. act. ind.] that to whom you are presenting [pres. act. ind.] yourselves a quality of bondslaves for [unto] obedience, you continually are [pres. act. ind.] a quality of bondslaves to whom you are obeying [pres. act. ind.] whether of a quality of sin nature unto a quality of death [or separation] or of obedience unto a quality of righteousness? Vs. 17 But grace[17] is to God [the Father] that you continually were [imperf act. ind.] a quality of bondslaves to the sin nature, but you obeyed [1^st aor. act. ind.] out of the heart a type of doctrine to be believed and practiced unto which you were delivered [1^st aor. pass. ind.]. Vs. 18 But having been liberated [or freed -- 1^st aor. pass. part.] from the sin nature, you were enslaved [1^st aor. pass. ind.] to the previously mentioned righteousness. Vs. 19 I am speaking [pres. act. ind.] in the manner of man because of the weakness of your flesh. For as you presented [1^st aor. act. ind.] your members bondslaves to uncleanness and lawlessness unto lawlessness, so now present [1^st aor. act. ind.] your members bondslaves to the previously mentioned righteousness unto holiness [or sanctification]. Vs. 20 For when you continually were [imperf. act. ind.] bondslaves of the sin nature, you continually were [imperf. act. ind.] free from the previously mentioned righteousness. Vs. 21 What fruit therefore were you having [imperf. act. ind.] then? Over which things you are now ashamed for yourselves [pres. mid. ind.]? For the completion [or end] of those things is death. Vs. 22 But now having been liberated [or freed -- 1^st aor. pass. part.] from the sin nature but having been enslaved [1^st aor. pass. part.] to God [the Father], you continually have [pres. act. ind.] your fruit unto sanctification [or holiness], but the end is life eternal. Vs. 23 For the wages of the sin nature is death, but the gracious gift from God [the Father] is life eternal by Christ Jesus our Lord.

ROMANS SEVEN

Vs. 1 Or are you ignorant [pres. act. ind.], brothers, (for I am speaking [pres. act. ind.] to the ones who are experientially knowing [pres. act. part.] a quality of law;) because the law is lording it over [pres. act ind.] the man over such time as he is living [pres. act. ind.]? Vs. 2 For the woman married to the living [pres. act. part.] husband is in the state of having been bound [perf. pass. ind.] by law; but if the husband happens to die [2^nd aor. act. subj.], she is in a state of having been freed from [perf. pass. ind. -- to annul or nullify, to free from, sever from] the law of the husband. Vs. 3 Therefore while the husband is living [pres. act. part.] she will be stylized [fut. act. ind. -- or be called] an adulteress; if she comes to be [2^nd aor. mid. subj.] the wife of a different husband; but if the husband happens to die [2^nd aor. act. subj.], she continually is [pres. act. ind.] free from the previously mentioned law, so that she is [pres. act. ind.] not an adulteress, though having come to be [2^nd aor. pass. part.] the wife of a different husband. Vs. 4 So, my brothers, also you [emphatic] were made dead [1^st aor. pass. ind.] to the law through the body of Christ, with the purpose that you would become [1^st aor. pass. inf.] a wife to a different one, that is to the one having been raised [1^st aor. pass. part] out from among dead ones, in order that we may possibly bear fruit [1^st aor. act. subj.] to God [the Father]. Vs. 5 For when we continually were [imperf. act. ind.] in the flesh, the passions of the sins, the ones continually energized [imperf. mid. ind.] through the law in our members for the result of bearing [1^st aor. act. inf.] to the death. Vs. 6 But now we were freed from [1^st aor. pass. ind. -- bring to an end -- cf. Vs. 2] the law, having died [2^nd aor. act. part.] to that in which we continually were thoroughly held [imperf. pass. ind.], so that we would serve as slaves [perf. act. ind.] in newness of spirit and not in the obsoleteness [or oldness] of the letter. Vs. 7 Therefore what will we say [fut. act. ind.]? Is the law a quality of sin? May it never be so [2^nd aor. mid. opt.]! But I did not experientially know [2^nd aor. act. ind.] the sin nature except through a quality of law; for also I was not in a state of intuitively knowing [pluperf. act. ind.] lust [definite] except the law said [imperf act ind]: You will not lust [fut. act. ind.].[18] Vs. 8 But the sin nature taking [2^nd aor. act. part.] opportunity through the commandment thoroughly worked for itself [1^st aor. mid. ind.] in me every lust [or strong desire]. For without a quality of law the sin nature is dead. Vs. 9 But I was continually living [imperf. act. ind.] without the law then; but when the commandment came [2^nd. aor. part.], the sin nature revived [1^st aor. act. ind.], Vs. 10 But I [emphatic] died [2^nd aor. act. ind.], and the commandment with reference to this life was found [1^st aor. pass. ind.] to be with reference to death; Vs. 11 For the sin nature taking [2^nd aor. act. part.] opportunity through the agency of the commandment deceived [1^st aor. act. ind.] me and killed [1^st aor. act. ind.] me through it. Vs. 12 So the law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good. Vs. 13 Therefore did the good belonging to me become of itself [2^nd aor. mid. ind.] a quality of death? May it never be so [2^nd aor. mid. opt.]! But the sin nature, in order that it might possibly appear [2^nd aor. pass. subj.] a quality of sin, thoroughly working [pres. mid. part.] death to me through the good; in order that the sin nature through the commandment might become [2^nd aor. mid. subj.] exceedingly sinful. Vs. 14 For we intuitively know [perf. act. ind.] that the law is [pres. act. ind.] spiritual,[19] but I [emphatic] am [pres. act. ind.] carnal [or fleshly],[20] having been sold [perf. pass. part.] under the sin nature. Vs. 15 For what I am working out for myself [pres. mid. ind.], I am not experientially knowing [pres. act. ind.]; for what I am not desiring [pres. act. ind.] this I am practicing [pres act. ind], but what I am hating [pres. act. ind.] this I am actually doing [pres. act. ind.]. Vs. 16 But if what I am not desiring [pres. act. ind.] this I am actually doing [pres. act. ind.], I am agreeing with [lit. giving a unified voice -- pres. act. ind.] the law that it is obviously good. Vs. 17 But now I [emphatic] am no longer working it out for myself [pres. mid. ind.] but the sin nature is the one that is indwelling [pres. act. part.] in me. Vs. 18 For I intuitively know [perf. act. ind.] that not a good thing [that which makes happy] is dwelling [pres. act. ind.] in me (that is in my flesh); for to desire [pres. act. ind.] is present [be at hand -- pres. mid. ind.] with me, but not to work out thoroughly [pres. mid inf.] the obvious good. Vs. 19 For not what good [that which makes happy] I am desiring [pres. act. ind.] I am doing [pres. act. ind], but what evident evil I am not desiring [pres. act. ind.] this I am practicing [pres. act. ind.]. Vs. 20 But if what I [emphatic] am not desiring [pres. act. ind.] this I am actually doing [pres. act. ind.], I [emphatic] am no longer thoroughly working it out [pres. act. ind.] but the sin nature that is continually dwelling [pres. act. part.] in me. Vs. 21 I am finding [pres. act. ind.] then the law, the one actually desiring [pres. act. part.] for me to do [pres. act. inf.] the obvious good, Vs. 22 Because the evil[21] is present [be at hand -- pres. mid. ind.] to me; for I am pleased for myself with [pres. mid. ind.] the law of God [the Father] according to the inward man,[22] Vs. 23 But I am seeing [pres. act. ind.] a different kind of law in my members continually warring against [pres. mid. part.] the law of my mind and to be leading me captive [pres. act. part.] by the law of the sin nature the one continually existing [pres. act. part.] in my members. Vs. 24 O miserable man am I! Who will deliver [fut. mid. ind.] me from the body of this death? Vs. 25 Grace[23] is by God [the Father] through the agency of Jesus Christ our Lord. So therefore I [emphatic] myself am serving as a slave [pres. act. ind.] on the one hand with the mind the law of God, on the other hand with the flesh the law of the sin nature.

ROMANS EIGHT

Vs. 1 Therefore there is now no condemnation[24] to the ones who are in Christ Jesus.[25]

Vs. 2 For the law belonging to the Spirit concerning life[26] in Christ Jesus has freed [1^st aor. act. ind.] you from the law of the sin nature and of the death [spiritual]. Vs. 3 For the lack of power[27] from the law, in which it was continually weak [imperf. act. ind.] through the flesh, God sent [1^st aor. act part.][28] His own Son in likeness of sinful flesh, concerning sin condemned [1^st aor. act. ind.] the sin nature in the flesh, Vs. 4 In order that the decree [or ordinance] of the law might be made full [1^st aor. pass. subj.] in us the ones who are not ordering the details of our lives [walking -- pres. act. part.] according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. Vs. 5 For the ones continually existing [or having one's being -- pres. act. part.] according to the flesh set their frame of mind [reflectively thinking -- pres. act. ind.] on the things of the flesh, but the ones continually being according to the Spirit on the things of the Spirit. Vs. 6 For the reflective thoughts [-ma -- result of an action -- collective singular] of the flesh are a quality of death, but the reflective thoughts [-ma -- result of an action -- collective singular] from the Spirit are life and peace. Vs. 7 Wherefore the frame of mind of the flesh is enmity [constituting oneself an enemy] against God; for it is not subject [or does not fall in order -- pres. mid. ind.] to the law of God, for neither does it have the inherent power [pres. mid. ind.] to do so; Vs. 8 But the ones continually being [existing -- pres. act. ind.] in the flesh do not have the inherent power [pres. pass. ind.] to please [1^st aor. inf.] God. Vs. 9 But you [emphatic] continually are not [pres. act. ind.] in the sphere of flesh but in the sphere of Spirit, since the Spirit from God is dwelling [pres. act. ind.] in you. But if anyone does not have [pres. act. ind.] the Spirit from Christ, this one is not [pres. act. ind.] from Him. Vs. 10 But since Christ continually is in you, on the one hand the body is dead[29] because of the sin nature, but on the other hand the Spirit is life because of righteousness. Vs. 11 But if the Spirit of the One having raised [1^st aor. act. part.] Jesus out from among dead ones is dwelling [pres. act. ind.] in you, the One having raised [1^st aor. act. part.] Christ Jesus out from among dead ones will make alive [fut. act. ind.] also your dying[30] bodies through His Spirit that is indwelling [pres. act. part] in you. Vs. 12 So therefore, brothers, we are [pres. act. ind.] debtors, not to the flesh, to live [pres. act. inf.] according to the flesh. Vs. 13 For if you are living [pres. act. ind.] according to the flesh you are about [pres. act. ind.] to die [pres. act. inf.]: but assuming[31] you put to death [pres. act. ind.] the practices of the body by the Spirit, you will live [fut. act. ind.]. Vs. 14 For as many as are being led [pres. pass. ind.] by the Spirit of God, these continually are [pres. act. ind.] mature sons of God. Vs. 15 For you did not receive [2^nd aor. act. ind.] a spirit of slavery again because of fear, but you received [1^st aor. act ind.] the Spirit of son placing [or adoption],[32] by which we are crying [pres. act. ind.]: Abba, Father. Vs. 16 The Spirit Himself is co-witnessing with [pres. act. ind.] our spirit that we are [pres. act. ind.] born ones of God. Vs. 17 But if born ones also heirs; heirs on the one hand of God, joint heirs [or together/co heirs] on the other hand of Christ, since we are suffering together [pres. act. ind] with Him, in order that we also may be glorified together with [1^st aor. pass. subj.] Him. Vs. 18 For I reckon [pres. mid. ind.] that the sufferings of the present are not worthy when compared to the coming [pres. act. part.] glory to be revealed [1^st aor. pass. inf.] because of us. Vs. 19 For the earnest expectation[33] of the creation is eagerly waiting to welcome [pres. mid. ind.] the revelation of the mature sons of God [the Father]. Vs. 20 For the creation was subjected [2^nd aor. pass. ind.] to uselessness,[34] not willingly, but because of the one who has subjected [1^st aor. act. part.] the same upon hope. Vs. 21 Because also the creation itself will be set free [fut. pass. ind.] from the slavery, the one of decay, unto the freedom of the glory of the born ones of God. Vs. 22 For we are intuitively knowing [perf. act. ind.] that all of the creation groans together [pres. act. ind.] and is travailing [or laboring] together [pres. act. ind.] until now [i. e. the present time]. Vs. 23 But not only them, but also ourselves possessing [having -- pres. act. part.] the first fruit from the Spirit we also ourselves are groaning [pres. act. ind.] in ourselves eagerly waiting to welcome for ourselves [pres. mid. part.] son placing,[35] the redemption of our body. Vs. 24 For we were saved [1^st aor. pass. ind.] by hope; but hope being seen [pres. pass. part.] is [pres. act. ind.] not hope; for what anyone sees [pres. act. ind.], why is he also hoping [pres. act. ind.]? Vs. 25 But since what we are not seeing [pres. act. ind.] we are hoping for [pres. act. ind.], we eagerly wait to welcome for ourselves [pres. mid. ind.] through patience. Vs. 26 In a similar manner[36] also the Spirit supports for Himself [pres. mid. ind. -- to take hold of within one's place] our weakness; for what we worship [fut. mid. ind.][37] as it is necessary [pres. act.] we do not know intuitively [perf. act. ind.], but the Spirit Himself is interceding in our place [pres. act. ind.] with groanings that are not utterable [lit. not capable of being verbalized]; Vs. 27 But the One who is searching [pres. act. part.] the hearts intuitively knows [perf. act. ind.] what the frame of mind [result of reflective thinking] of the Spirit is, because He intercedes [pres. act. ind.] according to God in place of the saints. Vs. 28 But we intuitively know [perf. act. ind.] that to the ones who are loving [pres. act. part.] God [the Father], God[38] works together [pres. act. ind.] all things for good, to the ones existing [pres. act. part.] called ones according to His purpose. Vs. 29 Because whom He knew before [2^nd aor. act. ind.] also He marked out before [1^st aor. act. ind.][39] to be conformed ones together with the image of His Son, with the purpose that He be [pres. act. inf.] firstborn[40] among many brothers; Vs. 30 But whom he marked out beforehand [1^st aor. act. ind.],[41] these He called [1^st aor. act. ind.]; and whom He called [1^st aor. act. ind.] these He declared righteous [or justified -- 1^st aor. act ind.]; but whom He declared righteous [or justified -- 1^st aor. act. ind.], these He also glorified [1^st aor. act. ind.]. Vs. 31 Therefore what will we say [fut. act. ind.] concerning [lit. facing] these things? Since God is for[42] us, who can be against us? Vs. 32 Who indeed did not spare [1^st aor. act. ind.] His own Son, but for[43] us all He delivered Him up [1^st aor. act. ind.], how not also will He graciously give for Himself [fut. mid. ind.] also together with all things to us? Vs. 33 Who will bring a charge against [or make and accusation -- fut. act. ind.] the elect ones of God? God is the one who is declaring righteous [or justifying -- pres. act. part.]. Vs. 34 Who is the one who is condemning [pres. act. part.]?[44] Christ Jesus is the One who died [2^nd aor. act. part.], but rather having been raised [1^st aor. pass. part.], who continually is [pres. act. ind.] at [lit. in] the right hand of God [the Father], who is also interceding [pres. act. ind.] in our place.[45] Vs. 35 Who will sever [or separate -- fut. act. ind.] us from the love concerning Christ?[46] Tribulation [pressure or affliction], or distress [straits or a narrow place], or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? Vs. 36 As it stands written [perf. act. ind.], that, for your sake we are being put to death [pres. pass. ind.] all the day, we were counted [1^st aor. pass. ind.] like sheep for slaughter.[47] Vs. 37 But we super conquer [pres. act. ind.] in all these things through the One who loved [1^st aor. act. part.] us. Vs. 38 For I am in a state of being persuaded [perf. pass. ind.] that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor rulers, nor things, existing now [pres. act. part. -- "to be" verb], nor things that are coming [pres. act. part.], nor powers, Vs. 39 Nor height, nor depth, nor any other of a different kind of created being will have the inherent power of itself [fut. mid. or pass. ind.] to sever [or to separate -- 1^st aor. act. inf.] us from the love of God the love in Christ Jesus our Lord.

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[1] The articular singular h` a`marti,a is found in Romans six fourteen times (vss. 1, 2, 6 [2x], 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23). It identifies a specific single thing, the sin nature. I have translated these "sin nature" because of this. The articular form is found also in Rom. 7:7, 8, 9, 11, 13 (2x), 14, 23 and Rom. 8:2 and 3 of the sin nature. The anarthrous a`marti,a describes a single quality of the sin nature in verse 14. The anarthrous form is found of the sin nature in Rom. 7:8, 17, 20, 25; 8:3 (2x) , 10. It is found related to the law in 7:7. The verb is found in 6:15 and describes the act of sinning. The plural describing acts of sin is found in 7:5.

[2] This is an second aorist optative expressing Paul's desire that this never be so. The form of this verb with the negative is found 15 times in the New Testament 14 of which are in Paul. It is found in Romans ten times (3:4, 6, 31; 6:2, 15; 7:7, 13; 9:14; 11:1, 11). It is also found in 1 Cor. 6:15; Gal. 2:17; 3:21; 6:14).

[3] Some believe that this is water baptism. Almost all baptismal regenerationists hold this position (as Romanists, Anglicans, Reformed and etc.). This immersion places or moves one into Jesus Christ from his old position in Adam, the old man (vs. 6).

[4] Our resurrection is imputed.

[5] Others erroneously translate this "planted" or "united."

[6] Cf. Rom. 8:3 for use of this word.

[7] Here experiential knowledge as is in the negated form in verse three. This involves the experiential knowledge that is gained by a new believer right after salvation.

[8] Our old position in Adam = the old man.

[9] This word means "to render useless," "to render powerless" or to destroy.

[10] This verse says that if a believer should happen to die, he will be physically resurrected like Christ was resurrected. Verse five shows that physical resurrection is different than the resurrection life of verse four.

[11] This is information that a believer knows in his mind. It is intuitive, factual knowledge. The believer will never experience this information because only Christ could experience it in that He rose out from among dead ones. In this life the Christian can only count it to be true on the basis of intuitive knowledge. This word is also found in verse 16 where it suggests that the facts are clear and the believer should know intuitively that the result of submission to the sin nature is slavery.

[12] Reckon = count it to be so, true or real. In Rom. 4 this word is translated "impute (4:6, 8, 11, 22, 23, 24)," "count (4:3, 4)" and "reckon (4:4, 9, 10)." The believer counts himself to be dead to the sin nature because Christ died for the sin nature and he is counted to have died to the sin nature in his position in Christ.

[13] Note the strong emphasis upon the personal responsibility of the Roman believers demonstrated by the emphatic pronoun, middle voice and the reflexive pronoun.

[14] "Yield" is translated "present" in Romans 12:1. It has the idea of giving something to someone that already belongs to him or her by purchase and is rightly his or her possession. The verb is found three times in chapter six (13, 19[2x]). A related form is found in verses 13 and 16 sharing the same meaning.

[15] Here the Holy Spirit

[16] Again a reference to the Holy Spirit.

[17] AV translation is "thanks" which is a possible rendering of the word that is normally translated "grace." The "thanks" translation occurs 13 times in the AV (Lu. 6:32, 33, 34; 17:9; Rom. 6:17; 7:25; 1 Cor. 15:57; 2 Cor. 2:14; 8:16; 9:15; 1 Tim. 1:12; 2 Tim. 1:3).

[18] Considered a reference to Ex. 20:17; Deut. 5:21 in the LXX where it translates dm;x' translated "covet."

[19] Human spirit therefore with the idea of reasonable.

[20] This verse is the premise for the following context. Notice the first person forms in verses 14-24. They are either found in the verb or are pronouns. The AV "I" occurs 22 times and "me" 9 times. The personal pronoun is found in these verses 15 times.

[21] A lacking in character type of evil.

[22] Cf. 2 Cor. 4:16.

[23] As in 6:17.

[24] For the sin nature. This involves judgment and the administration of the penalty.

[25] There is a textual problem in this verse that adds material found in verse four. The evidence for the long reading is very weak. Theologically its inclusion would teach that there is no condemnation only to believers who are walking after the Spirit. Those who are walking after the flesh are condemned if the textual addition is accepted. Those who added the reading were works Salvationists and brought the material from four to one to support their theology. Who said erroneous theology hasn't affected the text?

[26] Resurrection life not eternal life.

[27] Or the absence of inherent power.

[28] The idea of the Father's sending the Son is prominent in the Gospel of John and in 1^st John. Two words are used. The first is pe,mpw which is found here and has the idea of the simple act of sending and is found this way in Jn. 5:23, 24, 30, 37; 6:38, 39, 40, 44; 7:16, 18, 28, 33; 8:16, 18, 26, 29; 12:44, 45, 49; 14:24; 15:21 and 16:5. John also emphasizes the Father's sending the Son on an official mission using the verb avposte,llw in Jn. 3:17, 34; 5:36, 38; 6:29, 57; 7:29; 8:42; 10:36; 11:42; 17:3, 8, 18, 21, 23, 25; 20:21; 1 Jn. 4:9, 10, 14. In Acts 3:20 the Father will be involved in sending the Son in the future. The word "give" di,dwmi is found in Jn 3:16 cf. Rom. 8:32.

[29] Absence of life or separation from the life from God = no zwh,.

[30] Bodies subject to death and therefore identified as mortal.

[31] 1^st class condition = for the sake of argument.

[32] The concept is that of being placed as a mature son. It is not the modern concept of adoption. It involves being placed in a position of privilege.

[33] To look with expectation stretching the neck.

[34] This is one of three terms in the New Testament translated "vanity" in the AV. It indicates something is of no use.

[35] Cf. vs. 15.

[36] Refers back to the groaning in verse 23.

[37] Proseu,comai is one of eight words for communication with God. It is not a general word for communication in grace revelation. This is evident in the word order in 1 Tim. 2:1 and in the grammar of Phil. 4:6.

[38] There is a textual problem here as to whether "God" is here or not.

[39] God the Father has set the bounds or limits beforehand.

[40] Or heir, not a birth concept but describes a position of privilege.

[41] This word means to set the bounds. Our word "horizon" comes from this describing the boundaries between the earth and the sky.

[42] The preposition u`pe,r has the idea of support on behalf of us.

[43] The preposition u`pe,r is used with the idea of substitution or of taking one's place.

[44] Make a judgment and administer a penalty as in 8:1.

[45] He guarantees our salvation by His intercessory ministry. This keeps us saved and keeps us from being condemned for our sin nature and what it produces.

[46] Cf. vs. 39.

[47] Cited from Psalm 44:22.